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The War Of The Vietnam War - 1379 Words

Between 1964 and 1975 the heightened tensions over the Vietnam war caused many americans to become divided on the actions taken by the government across seas. Americans questioned whether the government could be trusted. The feeling of betrayal and government secrecy created the â€Å"Credibility Gap,† in which many americans believed that the government no longer was for the people, but for anything else that would benefit the government. The Vietnam War exacerbated the gap between the pro-war traditionalists and anti-war liberals along with an increase in military action, causing controversy over government spending; as a whole these factors established a sense of distrust between the American government and its people. The Credibility Gap expanded during the Vietnam War causing citizens to question the truthfulness of president Johnson’s administration and the reports on events that were occurring overseas in Vietnam. When Daniel Ellsberg released the Pentagon Paper s to the media in 1971 he increased the public’s distrust in the American government. The pentagon papers, originally named â€Å"Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force† by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, contained secret government reports detailing the decisions made in the Vietnam War under the Kennedy and Johnson administration. Also written within the report was a detailed layout of operation Rolling Thunder, in which the United States strategically bombed north Vietnam fromShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and l ongtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1475 Words   |  6 Pageson one such event, the Vietnam War, came from entertainment-based programs and the play Miss Saigon. Despite heavy coverage in such well-known comedic films as Forrest Gump and Good Morning Vietnam, the true events were anything but a laugh for those involved. In spite of the relative recentness of the events in Vietnam, many of today’s youths know little about the topic. The events in Vietnam raise the ever-present question on the ethics of third party involvement in a war otherwise unrelated toRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesspread of communism all around the world. This is what lead to the gruesome war that lasted over a decade in Vietnam. A great deal of social changed happened all over the world, but particularly in America as the Vietnam War dragged on. As people be came more aware of the atrocities going on in Southeast Asia, the endless domestic support turned into widespread explosive protest. During the first few years of the Vietnam conflict, Americans full heartedly supported the United States and its governmentRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1430 Words   |  6 Pagesended in 1989, the Vietnam war is still being fought, but on a different battlefield, one of public opinion. Some call this war an atrocity, a war the United States should never have joined. Others call it a crime, committed by the power hungry politicians of the U.S. Now that new information from both sides of the war has surfaced and the wounds of battle have had more time to heal there is yet another opinion emerging. The Vietnam War was in fact only one of many proxy wars fought under the umbrellaRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War cost many Americans their lives in the 60s and 70s. Many were drafted into the war by choice and others selectively chosen to join to help America. The contributions made had a major impact on the American side of the Vietnam Wa r. Though many contributions were made none stand out any more than others. It is sometimes said there is always a hero in the war who helped the victory. Wars, however, do not have war heroes because a hero is making an undeniable contribution to the war andRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War was said to be one of the most significant wars in the twentieth century. This war took place from November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975. It was at the time, the longest war in American history. Much of the conflict was centered in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. During that time, approximately 58,219 US troops were killed in action. The reason America got involved in the Vietnam War was to stop the spread of communism in South East Asia and beyond. â€Å"America’s involvement in Vietnam derivedRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1204 Words   |  5 Pagesus†¦ When that is the way you are, how do you conduct your life?† The Vietnam War killed over fifty eight thousand Americans and over 61% of the men killed were 21 years or younger. Most Americans are conflicted with the fact whether the Anti War Movement played a factor in prolonging the Vietnamese War. â€Å"In every story there are two sides and in between lies the truth.† Anonymous The United States become involved in Vietnam after the French withdrew when the Republican President Dwight EisenhowerRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War877 Words   |  4 PagesAnother big difference in this war was that the Vietnam War was had more disapproval and was more expressive within the American public, unlike the Korean War. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT started in the 1960s this group was never enacted until this era. There was not a group like this in Vietnam, but there were many groups that opposed the war. The main object of these revolts was the American military presence in Indochina. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT caused an influence not only socially, but also in the realmRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn July and August of 1972, Jane Fonda made radio broadcasts from Hanoi that changed the way Americans thought of the Vietnam war and of her. To this day, many people view her as a traitor and criticise her actions in Vietnam; however, some people we re truly inspired by her words and what she had to say. Despite people s personal opinions, Fonda was a powerful speaker and knew how to convey her message to her audience. She tried to convince people that the American government and military were theRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1155 Words   |  5 Pages The Vietnam War was one of the first wars to be broadcasted in one’s own living room. It is also one of the most misconstrued and misunderstood wars that have resulted in American defeat. Being one of the longest wars fought in history, it has left many questioning the motivation behind the conflict that spanned two decades before being resolved. Despite being a conflict between North and South Vietnam, the United States decided to enter the war in spite of being faced with opposition from its citizens

Violent Video Games Might Be to Blame for Violent Behavior Free Essays

Violent Video Games Might Be to Blame for Violent Behavior Is Media Violence a Problem? ,  2010 ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form Mark and Keisha Hoerrner, â€Å"Video  Game  Violence,†Ã‚  Children’s Voice, vol. 15, January/February 2006. Copyright  © 2006 Child Welfare League of America. We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Video Games Might Be to Blame for Violent Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now All Rights Reserved. Reproduced by permission. Mark Hoerrner is a writer and the author of several articles on the media’s effect on children. Keisha Hoerrner is department chair of Kennesaw State University’s First-Year Programs and a researcher who specializes in children and media issues. While many parents scoff at letting their children watch violent movies, they often consent to buying violent  video  games for their teenagers without checking the industry ratings. Researchers contend that a link exists between violent  video  games and real-life  violence  in teenagers and young adults. Violent images don’t necessarily create violent children, but gamers learn that  violence  is an accepted means to solve problems, and they perfect shooting skills as though they were handling real weapons. Even though games can teach children valuable coordination skills, parents and caregivers need to make sure that their children only view age-appropriate content and are made aware of the difference between on-screen actions and socially acceptable behavior in the real world. Thomas has a 21-inch flat-screen monitor and an optimized computer with a 4 GHZ processing speed. His hard drive is fast and large; he’s packed in close to three gigabytes of RAM and has a  video  card with dual 512K processors. It’s all about speed and graphical processing. He’s jacked in to a high-speed Internet connection, and he’s off and running. Thomas isn’t a programmer or a network engineer, though he’s considering that as a possibility for the future. He doesn’t have to worry about that now, though—he’s only 13 years old and has a long time to make up his mind about a career. For now, he’s content with the fact that in the next three hours, he’ll commit 147 felonies including aggravated assault, murder, attempted murder, robbery, arson, burglary, conspiracy, assault with a deadly weapon, drug trafficking, and auto theft while violating just about every section of the RICO Act, the nation’s nti-organized crime law. He’ll even be so brazen as to gun down bystanders and police officers and will personally beat someone to death with a golf club. All without ever leaving his room. ————————————————- A Link to Violent Behavior Retired Lt. Col. Dave Grossman , a former [U. S. ] Army Ranger and tactical trainer, asserts that  video  games are actively training children to kill. Learning, he says, happens all the time, especially during active play. The subject of that active play, however, can be negative or positive. Grossman has authored two books on the connection between violent media and actual  violence. He argues that children learn to use weapons and become sharpshooters through simulated games the same way soldiers use simulations to improve their shooting precision. Just as children can improve their phonics withLearn to Read with Winnie the Pooh, they can learn to shoot with deadly accuracy playing  Doom,  Splinter Cell,  Hitman, and other first-person shooter games. Grossman has been a consultant to a number of school systems following deadly shooting incidents, assisting with grief counseling and understanding what brings children from what should be a carefree time in their lives to the point of committing multiple murders. In his book,  Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill[: A Call to Action Against TV, Movie amp;  Video  Game  Violence], Grossman says that in 1997’s high school shooting in Paducah, Kentucky, the 14-year-old who opened fire on a before-school prayer group landed eight out of eight shots on eight different targets. Five of those were head shots [gunshot wounds to the head]. According to the FBI, in shootouts less than three meters from their targets, trained law enforcement officers land, on average, one out of five shots—these are trained officers who are familiar with their weapons. The teenage shooter had never held a real gun before his shooting rampage, Grossman says. He had, however, spent long hours playing first-person shooter games that simulated killing with the same weapon he used that morning. Grossman, who now travels the country talking to police departments and educators, asserts that the combination of playing these games and watching violent movies taught the youth how to load, actively target, and shoot as if he had been watching an instructional  video. ————————————————- Making Right or Wrong Choices Unlike watching a  video  or television show, a child is actively making choices and weighing options when playing  video  games. He or she is rewarded for certain behaviors, which, depending on the  game, may range from solving a puzzle to opening fire on a group of bystanders. In a violent  video  game, you rehearse the entire aggression sequence from beginning to end,† says mediaviolence  researcher Craig [A. ] Anderson, chair of Iowa State University’s Department of Psychology. â€Å"You have to be vigilant, looking for enem ies, looking for potential threats; you have to decide how to deal with the threat, what weapon to use, and how to use it; and then you take physical action to behave aggressively within the  game. It’s society, not science, that must decide how to deal with the negative effects of violent  videogames. We have considerable evidence these games cause violent behavior,† Anderson says, pointing to hundreds of scientific studies on  video  games, and more than 3,000 on the effects of other violent media, that he says all suggest a causal link between violent behavior and the consumption of violent content. This isn’t an overt link, he cautions—a child isn’t likely to go out and commit a major felony after playing a violentgame  for an hour—but children will act more aggressively and show more negative social action, such as the intent to do  violence  to another person, over time. ———————————————— Positive Aspects of Video Games Anderson is quick to note, however, that games have positive aspects. He bought his son a copy of the flight simulator  game  Flight Unlimited  and a realistic joystick and foot pedal. His son spent co nsiderable time learning to fly, which paid off when the child went to a NASA summer camp and was assigned the role of pilot on a space shuttle mission simulator. Anderson’s son was able to land the craft on the first try, something camp organizers said had never been done. Anderson credits the flight simulator as the catalyst for helping his son develop the necessary skills. In a study at the University of California, Santa Barbara, diabetic children who received a  video  gameshowing them how to better manage their illness had improved blood sugar control and fewer emergency room visits. â€Å"Video  games are great teachers and great motivators,† Anderson says, â€Å"but they can be misused. It’s society, not science, that must decide how to deal with the negative effects of violent  videogames. To this end, the  video  game  industry helped create the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) to develop a system of ratings for  video  games to define content for parents and allow them to make informed purchasing decisions. ESRB ratings include six age-based rating symbols, ranging from â€Å"EC-Early Childhood† to â€Å"AO-Adults Only,† and more than 30 content descriptors (such as â€Å"Mild  Viole nce,† â€Å"IntenseViolence,† â€Å"Sexual  Violence,† â€Å"Partial Nudity,† â€Å"Drug Reference,† and â€Å"Simulated Gambling†) that indicate elements in a  game  that may have triggered a particular rating or may be of interest or concern to the buyer. Full Text:  Ã‚  COPYRIGHT 2010 Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. Source Citation: â€Å"Violent Video Games Might Be to Blame for Violent Behavior. †Ã‚  Is Media Violence a Problem? Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 31 Oct. 2010. Document URL http://ic. galegroup. com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=Viewpointsamp;prodId=OVICamp;action=eamp;windowstate=normalamp;catId=amp;documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010187219amp;mode=viewamp;userGroupName=lemo21048amp;jsid=dbc3cbe328c3b8eaa54c12c32c45bb32 Gale Document Number:  GALE|EJ3010187219 How to cite Violent Video Games Might Be to Blame for Violent Behavior, Papers

Dell Working Capital Hbs Case free essay sample

Explain how Dell’s working capital policy is a competitive advantage for the company? Dell uses a just in time order fulfillment policy and accurate forecasting of sales to minimize inventories. This allowed Dell to hold inventory of finished products far below levels of their competitors (10-20% compared to 50-70% industry level) and furthermore allowed them to quickly implement changes to their product lines as new technologies became available. This quick inventory turnover also allowed Dell to retain more capital. Finally, this policy enabled Dell to respond immediately to technological progress in components and deliver state of the art new finished products (e. g. Pc’s holding the newest Pentium microprocessors) while competitors are still selling inventory of products not containing newest technology. When comparing Dell’s 1995 DSI to its competitors you can see the competitive advantage taking shape: Company: DSI (1995):Inventory Savings at competitors DSI: Dell:320 Apple:54$167. million Compaq:73$311. 7 million IBM:481. We will write a custom essay sample on Dell Working Capital Hbs Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6 million * How did Dell fund its 52% growth in 1996? Please be sure to distinguish between internal and external sources of funding, and to discuss the trade-off between the uses of external funds in order to maintain high growth rates. Dell funded its 52% growth in 1996 internally by increasing sales, lowering sales/operating expenses by 1%, which led to an increase in profit margin (net profit/sales) from 4. 3% to 5. %, increasing financing amp; other income by $42 million, while short term investments increased by 22%, accounts payable increased by 15% (â€Å"free† financing from vendors) and Long Term Debt stayed the same. Dell supported this growth externally by issuing an additional $74 million of common stock (the conversion from preferred to common stock is included in this calculation). Using internal sources of funding by becoming more efficient was a preferred route by Dell. This internal funding had a much lower cost to the company because they streamlined current practices and enhanced the use of short term investments. In general, using external funds, i. e. debt or equity, to finance increasing growth is riskier to the corporation. When issuing debt the company needs to be certain to cover both the repayment of the principal and the interest payments on time (because if they do not this could cause them to have problems securing financing in the future). When issuing additional shares of stock (equity) the value of existing traded stock is diluted (in proportion) and as such the current ownership might lose control (and may even be voted out by shareholders if dilution is substantial enough). Furthermore, with both debt and equity financing, a fast growing company needs to be aware that payments to either may hamper future expansion because payments that need to be send out in the forms of dividends or interest cannot be retained and invested in future projects. Assuming Dell’s sales will grow at 50% in 1997, how would you recommend that the Company funds this growth? How much capital would need to be reduced and/or profit margin increased if the company were to fund its growth by relying only on internal sources of capital? What steps would you recommend the company take? Assuming the profit margin stays at 5. 1% and that operating assets (total assets minus short term investments) maintains at 1996 percentage level of approx imately 30% of sales, Dell would require $2,336 million minus $1,555 million, which equals to $779 million. The cash flow from profit is 0. 051*5,296 million*1. 5, which equals approximately $405 million. The cash flow from cumulative liabilities without account payables is $2,523 million minus (total assets $2,148 million minus accounts payable $466 million), which equals $841 million. We conclude that since cash flow (which is $841 million plus $405 million, equaling $1,246 million) exceeds the cash outflow of $779 million, Dell can fully finance its growth internally. How, if at all, would your answers to Question 3 change if Dell also repurchased $500 Million dollars of common stock in 1997 and repaid its long-term debt? Dell would need to further increase its profit margin to have funds available to repurchase $613 million of debt ($500 million of common stock plus $113 million of debt), as such they would most likely need to increase overall sales in conjunction with increase in profit margin. Additional sources of funding could also come from shortening the CCC further, if possible.

Dodge Challenger Essay Example

Dodge Challenger Essay 2011 Dodge Challenger SRT8: Parts Components The Dodge Challenger is the name of three different generations of automobiles marketed by the Dodge division of Chrysler. The first generation was a pony car built from 1970 to 1974, using the Chrysler E platform and sharing major components with the Plymouth Barracuda. The second generation, from 1978 to 1983, was a badge engineered Mitsubishi Galant Lambda. The third, and current generation, was introduced in 2008 as a rival to the evolved fifth generation Ford Mustang and the reintroduced fifth generation Chevrolet Camaro. There are factories in the USA, Mexico, and Canada. There are eight colors for this model car. The colors are brilliant black, blackberry pearl, billet metallic, bright white, dark charcoal pearl, mango tango pearl, redline 3 pearl, green with envy, and inferno red crystal pearl coat. The Challenger has a pushrod 16-valve V-8, iron block aluminum heads, port fuel injection. The torque is 470 lb-ft at 4,200 rpm. The dimensions to the car are: wheelbase: 116. 0 in. , length: 197. 7 in. , width: 75. in. , height: 57. 1 in. , and curb weight is 4203 lb. They have a standard 20 in. wheel. The Hemi V-8 just got bigger and all 392 cubic inches will be found first in the 2011 Dodge Challenger. The horsepower is 470. The gearbox is a five speed automatic and it goes 0-60 mph in 4. 5 seconds. The SRT is a 19 gallon fuel tank. The fuel mileage on the car is14mpg in the city and 22 mpg on the highway. The alternator is 220 amps, axles for the rear are 226 mm, and the battery is 730 amps. We will write a custom essay sample on Dodge Challenger specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dodge Challenger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dodge Challenger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The SRT have a battery saver feature to turn off headlights and other lights when the ignition is turned off. It has a heavy duty engine cooling. It has an optional feature of an engine block heater. Stainless steel performance dual exhaust with low-restriction bottle resonators, 2. 75-inch diameter piping with dual chromed exhaust tips. The brake system is high-performance, four-wheel disc with vented 14. 2-in. front and 13. 8-in. rear discs, has an anti-lock brake system, and electronic stability control. The steering is performance-tuned hydraulic power steering. The performance SRT-tuned, fully-hydraulic steering system also has been improved with a new, heavy-duty pump and revised gearing to give drivers more direct feel and on-center response. There are a lot of safety and security measures made with this car. Just to name a few is the traction control system, brake assist, and tire- pressure monitoring. The Dodge Challenger SRT8 uses Brembo four-piston calipers on all four wheels, for a 60 to zero mph stopping distance of approximately 110 feet. Since the car has been improved and revised, it has larger valves and ports for a beefier crankshaft. SRT engineers recalibrated the suspension geometry to improve Challenger’s balance, cornering ability and steering responsiveness. Quicker steering ratios dramatically improve the Challenger’s high-speed cornering. The type of oil you would use would be SAE-OW-40 or SAE 5W-40 which is preferred for use in all operating temperatures. Their one piece, four layer, cotton-gauze air filter provides high filtration and air flow. There were a lot of new revisions to the parts to make better improvements.

emotion essays

emotion essays Emotions and feelings are central to our life. They allow us to exist and achieve the fullness of our personality by motivating us towards that which is good. However, as a result of traumatic experiences, our emotional life can become disordered. This abnormal expression of emotion can only be understood and addressed by having an adequate understanding of how emotions work and develop within the person. This essay will seek to outline what emotions are, how they develop and how they relate to motivation and thought processes. A brief study of anxiety will seek to show how emotions can become disordered, and the ways in which emotional literacy provides a means of addressing this problem. While our whole life is built around emotion, many people do not understand what they are or how they develop. Every person has the ability to experience and express emotion. Since emotions are natural, the act of feeling emotion is morally neutral . Each person has some degree of control over what they feel and how they express and share their feelings . Emotional responses are both physiological and psychological. These responses influence perception, learning and performance. Emotions are instruments that aim at the possession of suitable objects, thus leading us to reach the perfection of our personality . In this sense, Arnold and Gasson define emotion as the felt tendency toward an object judged suitable, or away from an object judged unsuitable, reinforced by specific bodily changes according to the type of emotion . Perception must occur before an emotion can arise. The individual makes a judgement about the perceived object in relation to themselves after which the emotion if felt. This step between judgement and feeling the emotion is instantaneous, with no perceptible time interval. The emotion is then expressed through a pattern of physiological changes which lead the person to approac...

Learning Diary - Home to Home with Media and Junk Food Times Essay

Learning Diary - Home to Home with Media and Junk Food Times - Essay Example In the last few years, the effects of mass media have increased greatly with the progress of technology. Initially, there were books, newspapers, and magazines, then photography, sound recordings, and films. Radio, television, and the Internet proliferated followed by social media (Anderson Bushman 2002). In the modern day, every person depends on communication and information to make their lives move through activities such as education, work, healthcare, leisure activities, personal relationships, travelling, entertainment, and other things that people get involved. It is usual to wake up in the morning, check the phone for notifications and messages, watch the TV or read newspapers for news, read emails, makes phone calls, and eat meals with family and friends based on the information gathered from mass media and social media sources. The values people hold; harbour and the decisions made by people are based on assumptions, experiences, and education. People rely on media for current facts, news on what is important, and what people need to know. People believe the media since it is an authority for information, education, news, and entertainment. Considering the media’s powerful influence, it is imperative to know how it works. In a world of globalization, the media possess much potential. The media has the prospect of spreading news and information to areas where it has been hard to get different views. The media has the potential to assist towards democratic processes and make an impact on regimes and countries that lack democracy. However, the media can push the cultures and ideas of more prevailing interest (Livingstone & Bovill 2013). The media’s influence is growing stronger every day. Because of the influence, the competition among advertisers and producers gets stiff as they attempt to find new ways to catch consumers' attention through their magazines, newspapers, shows, movies, and commercials.

Philip Morris USA v. Williams. Brief facts Case Study

Philip Morris USA v. Williams. Brief facts - Case Study Example At initial trial the jury awarded her $821,485.50 as compensatory damages and $79.5 million as punitive damages in the case. However, the trial court on an appeal reduced the amounts to $521,485.50 and $32 million respectively. On an reverse appeal the Oregon Court of Appeals reversed the trial courts decision and upheld the earlier amount awarded by the jury as compensation. The Supreme Court of United States granted certiorari in the case, vacated the Court of Appeals judgment and sent back the case to the same court of appeal to reconsider the amount of punitive damages awarded in the case. In particular Supreme Court referring to the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment declined to grant punitive damages to individuals who were not part of litigation. In a third appeal before the Supreme Court by Philips Morris the court remanded the case back for re-trial. The basic issues before the jury, trial court, court of appeal and the supreme court were varied. The Court had to decide that if compensatory and punitive damages are made out in the case and if they are maintainable and to be awarded then to what extent. Ans. The basic jurisdiction in this lied till the Court of Appeal in the state of Oregon. ... Ans. The case had been in the litigation process for ten years. 3. What is jurisdiction in relation to this case Ans. The basic jurisdiction in this lied till the Court of Appeal in the state of Oregon. The deceased and the plaintiff belonged to that state. After that on further appeal and review petitions the case was tried by the Supreme Court of United States. 4. What is the relationship between the court system, litigation process, and jurisdiction Ans. There is a threefold relationship between the court system, litigation process and jurisdiction. If we take the example of the present case then we see that the deceased and the Plaintiff(his wife) lived in the State of Oregon, so the jurisdiction of the district court lied in there case. Jurisdiction is of three types. Personal, Territorial and Subject matter. In this case the territorial jurisdiction was made out. The Court system is divided according to the jurisdiction of a State. First it's the trial Court of the State, then the Court of Appeal and further it can also be Supreme Court. The litigation process is said to be started from the trial Court and can go up to Supreme Court till the final decision has not been arrived at. References www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/03/AR2008120303377.html

Synthesis Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Synthesis - Term Paper Example The thinking is that as a practicum, it is important to spend time doing things that have potentially large impact on the community and on the lives of poor people especially, and student achievement among those along the margins of poverty need to be understood in the context of larger family and social dynamics for interventions to have any chance of succeeding (Schoolwires, 2014). Title 1 refers to the program that is funded by the federal program and is of the biggest of its kind in the United States, with the goal of providing financial and related support to schools with large proportions of being at risk of not meeting academic standards due to poverty. In its original form, it achieved the force of law under the Elementary and Secondary School Act of 1965, and this was later revised in 1994 to tweak the overall goals of the program. In its current state under the No Child Left Behind, schools have to meet academic standards progress in achievement as reflected in yearly state testing in order for continued inclusion in the funding program. The annual money earmarked for the program is pegged at $14 billion, and in recent years as many as 56,000 different schools across America have tapped into the program funding (US Department of Education, 2015; Malburg, 2015). It is important to note that the Abilene Independent School District or AISD in general is a school district that naturally meets the standards for government support under the Title 1 program of the legislation on No Child Left Behind and earlier legislation that originated the idea of providing additional funding and support to school districts that have large numbers of students living in poverty or near the poverty line. This is because large numbers of residents in the school district are poor, and make substantially less than the average American worker on a

Introduction Of Smartphones To Business Management Essay

Introduction Of Smartphones To Business Management Essay 3.1 Introduction This chapter discuss about factors that influences the business environment used by PEST model. Then also discuss industry concept of competition, competitor analysis, such as strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. 3.2 Introduction of Smartphone In 1973, Motorola introduced a first cellular telephone, and then no one had imagined that this would ignite a whole new technological change: The Mobile Revolution. Typical cell phones were used only for voice calling and later for text messaging, but with growth in mobile phone adoption, cell phones are now available with a number of different features like e-mail, video and audio facilities, internet access, etc. Thus, a whole new change in this mobile sector happened and the smartphone race began. This race also created competition between operators and handset manufacturers in getting more returns from mobile phone equipment and services. The rise in the smartphone segment accompanies the mobile internet revolution. However, the main reasons are better margins for Original Equipment Manufactures (OEMs) and higher Average revenue per user (ARPU) for operators. The smartphone is basically a combination of operating system, application, and handset manufacturers. In addition, due t o the increase in the application market of the smartphone and the growing popularity of OS used for mobile systems, it can be said that the near future will witness the most powerfull application running on phones with high powered operating systems. Considering current growth in the smartphone sector, it is estimated to grow by at least 18-20% by 2011 according to iSuppli. Following table shows sales of smartphones during year 2008 and 2009. Worldwide Smartphone Sales to End Users in 2009 (Thousands of Units) Company 2009 Sales Market Share (%) 2008 Sales Market Share (%) Nokia 440,881.6 36.4 472,314.9 38.9 Samsung 235,772.0 19.5 199,324.3 16.3 LG 122,055.3 10.1 102.789.1 8.4 Motorola 58,475.2 4.8 106.522.4 8.7 Sony Ericsson 54,873.4 4.5 93,106.1 7.6 Other 299,179.2 24.7 248,196.1 20.3 Total 1,211,236.6 100.0 1222,252.9 100.0 Table 1: World Smartphone Sales 3.2.1 Overview of Different Smartphone Operating Systems Before moving to Android and iPhone, it is necessary to understand 3.3 PEST Analysis PEST analysis is stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management Political impact: Whether the diffusion of Smartphone will contribute to information control and national unity, or strengthen information flow and centrifugal forces are question. However, it may enhance individual rights of political involvement by spreading political information and critiques easier and faster than before. As a result, traditional government control of information traffic maybe weakened. Calgary (1994) mentioned that, by using the increasing economic interests of the foreign business in China and Hong Kong, the Chinese government could take advantage of the lobby power of the foreign telecommunications multinationals involved in the diffusion of mobile communications in China as a political card to force foreign governments to make favorable policies toward China. The permission of allowing AT T to sell its used mobile communications system in part of China and Chinas good relation with Motorola are two examples of an indirect political impact from the diffusion. Economic impact: The diffusion of Smartphone communications can help China and Hong Kong economic development. Wireless communications devices can provide convenience to commercial mobility and prompt access to business information in the current social wave of doing business first in China and Hong Kong. Business becomes more mobile than ever in an information age, but chinas still poor wired telecommunications network cannot meet the demand for mobile communications which keep the information sharing and exchange fast to avoid the long time economic bottleneck Chinas limited wired networks and transportation capabilities. There the Chinese people, believing time is money, turn their eyes to pagers and cellular phones as a very useful business tool to make money. As a result, the diffusion of mobile communications adds a new push to Chinas increasing economic activities. China is a unique, large market where a low per capita income combines with consumers desire for advanced communications products. Smartphone in China have created a profitable business in China in the past few years. Benefited by the present demand exceeding supply, sales and operations of pagers and cellular phones can get capital back very fast. Also according to the Western telecommunication professionals, the economics of wireless technology as an alternative to wired services looks even more appealing. Due to difficult terrain, long local loops and the constant need for repairs, the cost of adding a new wired subscriber in China averages around $2k and is often more. But wireless technology cuts this by half. The demand for Smartphone has made the multinationals such as Microsoft, Apple and Android increase their sales and investment in China and Hong Kong. Thus China and Hong Kong can improve its inadequate communication system which has been one of the bottlenecks of its economic development by having the aid of these foreign resources. Also with more foreign players competing in Chinas market for mobile communications, China will be in a favorable position to make better business deals by the way of using one against another. However, the increasing market demand for imported finished products also drains more scarce foreign exchanges out of Chinas reserves. In turn the foreign drain may hurt Chinas economic expansion in other areas such as energy and transportation. Social impact: The diffusion will change the way the Chinese communicate and work. With more Smartphone devices used, the social contacts will increase so much that more social activities will be arranged easily and on time. These objects also provide a convenient channel for the personal dialogue among family members and friends who have been able to get together often like before because of busier individual time schedules and scattered living spaces. Also with more Smartphone adopters, social concerns about health safety, privacy, and intrusiveness will become salient gradually, though some of them are ignored by the Chinese at present time because of the Chinese basically positive attitude toward technological innovations and the relatively small portion of Smartphone users among the Chinese. At the same time, the diffusion, along with other socioeconomic factors, has widened the socioeconomic gap between the early Chinese adopters and the late adopters or have-nots. Smartphone with their unreasonably high cost add a new symbol into the upstart culture which is usually regarded as a negative social phenomenon in Chinas media and a disgusting social habit in most Chinese eyes. A cultural conflict between the haves and the have-nots occurs. The haves want to show their mobile phones in certain public occasions to let others know their social images: they are bus, they are dealing business, they have money, they have more social connections, so they are important. Most users also think the negative social comments on them are form the have-nots jealous psychology; the have-nots hate to see the impudence because they know most of the self-funded Chinese cellular users are dubious people with less education background and less social taste, some of them even are former crimina ls. Sun (1992) mentioned that, the have-lots also believe many of the users can afford a Smartphone because their money is made not through productive activities but through trade, speculation, or gambling on the stock market. The show-off manner of wealth has been accepted by many Chinese interviewees as an eye-catching feature in the Chinese culture though it is never seen as a good behavior. They think, however, that when more Chinese can afford the price lowering Smartphone and accessing mobile communications, the social cultural conflict will be resolved automatically because the present symbol of social status will be worth nothing when more people have Smartphone. This judgment is reasonable, but its prerequisite depends on the diffusion rate of Smartphone in China and Hong Kong. In addition, the diffusion of mobile communications may increase governments social control resource by equipping the police with various wireless devices to locate possible protesters, as one of the government preventive measures showed during the incident anniversaries these years. Technology impact: The diffusion of Smartphone help more Chinese become aware of the technical advances of the wireless innovations. In general, the peoples think natural science and technology are value-free and the continuing technological improvements and adaptations are positive to national development. They see the winners in todays world as determined by economic strengths and technological advantages, rather than ideology and military. So more people usually take a welcome attitude to new technology and like to get more knowledge about the innovations, unless they cannot afford or understand these new technologies. As for the Chinese communication professionals, the diffusion of mobile communications can make them learn more about equipment design, production, and standards either from imported products or from various technology transfer means such as joint venture and cooperative development. Because of their high-education and tech-management background, they have more ability, as change agents, to persuade the decision makers and common Chinese to adopt or reject certain technologies. The diffusion has helped its communications systems to catch up with the mobile communications technological trend in the world. The Chinese accepted the fact of their backwardness in most high-tech fields, but the professionals also know the leapfrogging advantage in a later adopter, having more technological choices after comparative evaluations, saving time and capital. The quick adoption to program controlled switches and optical fibers has provided a successful experience to the improvement of wired networks. So the improvement wireless communication technologies also gives more alternatives among the updated and appropriate innovations to leapfrog its mobile communications system. On the other hand, the diffusion also increases the technology dependence of foreign wireless innovators. Although can take advantage of leapfrogging by importing, it will never obtain the most advanced technology and the key techniques. But the diffusion will stimulate market demands for newer mobile innovations, thus technologically rely on the wireless pioneers from the developed countries for quite a long time, regardless of how strong its national pride is. In short, the diffusion of mobile communications, on one hand, does raise the Chineses knowledge level and enhance Chins communication capability. On the other hand, it also reinforces the technology determinism in the Chinese minds and its technology dependence on the developed countries.

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over the RAMALLAH, West Bank (AP) - Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat (news - web sites) rebuffed Secretary of State Colin Powell (news - web sites)'s demand Sunday for a halt to violence, saying Israel first must withdraw its troops from the West Bank. Photos AP Photo Slideshows AP Photo Mideast Conflict Audio/Video Powell to Meet With Arafat Sunday (AP) Powell, shuttling back to Israel for a meeting in Tel Aviv, then pressed Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (news - web sites) for a complete pullback, a U.S. official said. Sharon renewed his proposal for an international peace conference among Israel and Arab states including Saudi Arabia, Syria and Lebanon and the Palestinians, but not Yasser Arafat. Sharon said the United States would lead the conference, and "I imagine that within a short time a conference of this sort will convene to debate the diplomatic arrangements in the Middle East." Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said the proposal was an attempt to "turn the clock backward." A senior U.S. official said the idea was discussed "as part of a way to move forward politically," but more talks were needed. Arafat, 72, appeared in good health as he met with Powell in his rocket-scarred headquarters that is surrounded by Israeli tanks and troops. Arafat has been under pressure that is "unreal for an old man like him," said Zeid Abu Shawish, a Palestinian doctor in the compound. Powell was driven to the besieged compound in a motmorcade of armored-plated SUVs, shielded by U.S. security personnel with submachine guns. The headquarters showed the effects of Israeli bombardment. A gaping hole marred the facade and the walls were blackened with bullet marks. A senior aide, Saeb Erekat, said Arafat stood by his commitments, including an end to violence. But, Erekat said after the three-hour meeting, that meant "once the Israelis complete the withdrawal we will, as Palestinians, then carry out our obligations." Arafat complained bitterly and extensively to Powell about Israel's military thrust into Palestinian-held towns and villages, and especially its actions in Jenin and a refugee camp in the town. President Bush (news - web sites) has demanded a pullback right away, but Sharon refused to provide a timetable when he saw Powell on Friday in Jerusalem. They met again briefly Sunday night in Tel Aviv. Powell, in a short statement to reporters, called his meeting with Arafat useful and constructive. A senior U.S. official said Powell's "clear message" to Arafat in a 45-minute presentation was "the bombings have to stop, that it was a major barrier" to progress toward a security agreement or on negotiations that Powell has said should lead to establishment of a Palestinian state.